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Clinical Neurology · Epilepsy & EEG

Pediatric AED Dosing

Pediatric anti-seizure drug loading, dosing, target levels, and formulations. “Not before” = minimum age. Target levels in µg/mL unless noted. Verify all doses before prescribing.

DrugNot beforeLoadingPeds dosing (start–max)Target levelPeds formulations
First-generation
Carbamazepine (Tegretol)5–35 mg/kg/d (TID)4–12 µg/mLSusp 20/mL; chewable tab 100 mg
Ethosuximide (Zarontin)3 years10–40 mg/kg/d (BID)40–100 µg/mLSyr 50/mL; cap 250 mg
Phenytoin15–20 mg/kg*4–8 mg/kg/d (BID)10–20 µg/mL (free 1–2)Susp 25/mL; chewable 50 mg
Valproate6 months40 mg/kg10–60 mg/kg/d (BID/TID)50–100 µg/mLSyr 50/mL
Phenobarbital15–20 mg/kg3–6 mg/kg/d (QD)10–40 µg/mLElixir 4/mL; tab 15/30/60/100
Clonazepam0.01–0.2 mg/kg/d
Max: <1 mg if <1 yr, 6 mg >1 yr
20–70 ng/mLTab 0.5/1/2; ODT 0.125–2 mg
Second-generation
Gabapentin (Neurontin)3 years10–50 mg/kg/d (TID)2–20 µg/mLSyr 50/mL
Topiramate (Topamax)2 years1–9 mg/kg/d (BID; max 400 mg)5–20 µg/mLSprinkle 15/25
Lamotrigine2 years0.3–15 mg/kg/d (BID; slow titration, ½ with valproate)2.5–15 µg/mLChewable 2/5/25; disintegrating 25/50/100
Levetiracetam (Keppra)1 month60 mg/kg10–60 mg/kg/d (BID)12–46 µg/mLSyr 100/mL
Oxcarbazepine (Trileptal)2 years10–60 mg/kg/d (BID)3–35 µg/mL (MHD)Sus 60/mL
Zonisamide (Zonegran)16 years2–12 mg/kg/d (off-label <16 y)10–40 µg/mLCap 25/50/100
Tiagabine (Gabitril)12 years4–32 mg/d (QHS)20–200 ng/mL
Felbamate (Felbatol)2 years15–45 mg/kg/d (TID)30–60 µg/mLSusp 120 mg/mL
Third-generation
Lacosamide (Vimpat)1 month10 mg/kg2–15 mg/kg/d (BID, by wt)10–20 µg/mLSyr 10 mg/mL
Brivaracetam (Briviact)1 month1–5 mg/kg BID (by weight)0.2–2 µg/mLSus 10/mL
Clobazam (Onfi)2 years≤30 kg: 5 mg HS; >30 kg: 5 mg BID (max 20 / 40 mg/d)30–300 ng/mLSusp 2.5/mL; tab 10/20
Perampanel (Fycompa)4 years8–36 mg†2–12 mg QHS180–980 ng/mLSusp 0.5 mg/mL
Vigabatrin (Sabril)1 month50–150 mg/kg/d (BID)not routinely monitoredSachets 500 mg
Rufinamide (Banzel)1 year10–45 mg/kg/d (BID, with food)5–30 µg/mLSusp 40/mL
Eslicarbazepine (Aptiom)4 years200–300 mg start (by weight) → 600–900 mg3–35 µg/mL
Newest agents (2018+)
Cannabidiol (Epidiolex)1 year2.5 → 10 mg/kg BID (12.5 for TSC)not establishedOral soln 100 mg/mL
Fenfluramine (Fintepla)2 years0.1–0.35 mg/kg BID (max 26 mg/d; 17 with stiripentol)not establishedOral soln 2.2 mg/mL
Ganaxolone (Ztalmy)2 years≤28 kg: up to 21 mg/kg TID; >28 kg: up to 600 mg TID (with food)not establishedOral susp 50 mg/mL

*Phenytoin oral load: 400 → 2h → 300 → 2h → 300 mg (1000 mg over 6 h).   †Perampanel loaded orally off-label.   Loading = IV loads for status epilepticus.

SEIZURE RESCUE MEDICATIONS FOR CLUSTERS — CAREGIVER / HOME USE
Give for a seizure lasting ≥5 minutes or a cluster of seizures. Call 911 if the seizure does not stop or clusters continue.
Intranasal: Midazolam nasal spray (Nayzilam) 5 mg, may repeat once after 10 min · Diazepam nasal spray (Valtoco) 5–20 mg by weight/age.
Buccal (cheek): Midazolam 0.5 mg/kg (max 10 mg).
Rectal: Diazepam rectal gel (Diastat) 0.2–0.5 mg/kg.
Dissolvable wafer (ODT): Clonazepam (Klonopin wafers) 0.25–0.5 mg · Lorazepam 0.05–0.1 mg/kg.

Neuro.Wiki by Ahmed Koriesh, MD — Educational only, not a substitute for clinical judgement