Neurology, distilled.

In adults with ALS of ≤18 months duration and FVC ≥70%, test whether two nasojejunal faecal microbiota transplantations vs sham procedure increase circulating regulatory T cells and modify disease progression.

FMT did not meet its primary immunological endpoint: 8/18 (44%) FMT recipients vs 2/10 (20%) sham achieved a ≥20% rise in circulating Tregs at 6 months (OR 3.20; 95% CI 0.59–25.36; p=0.21).

In memory-clinic outpatients with subjective cognitive decline, MCI, or mild dementia, does earlier disclosure of plasma p-tau217 and NfL increase etiologic diagnostic certainty, change clinical management, and affect emotional outcomes versus delayed disclosure?

Earlier disclosure of plasma p-tau217 and NfL markedly increased very high-confidence (≥90%) etiologic diagnosis at 3 months versus delayed disclosure (56/112 [50.0%] vs 5/108 [4.6%]; P<.001).

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of adjunctive cenobamate 100, 200, and 400 mg/day vs placebo in Asian adults with uncontrolled focal seizures despite 1–3 antiseizure medications.

Adjunctive cenobamate produced dose-related reductions in 28-day focal-seizure frequency during the 6-week maintenance phase — median percent change −42.6%, −78.3%, and −100% for 100, 200, and 400 mg/day vs −25.9% for placebo (all p < 0.001).

In adults with medically refractory chronic cluster headache (CCH), does paresthesia-free burst occipital nerve stimulation (ONS) prevent attacks better than placebo (device off), with tonic ONS evaluated open-label thereafter?

Burst occipital nerve stimulation did not reduce chronic cluster headache attacks vs placebo at 12 weeks; ≥30% responders 18.8% vs 50.0% (placebo higher, p=0.042).

Phase 3 trial of latozinemab (anti-sortilin IgG1 mAb) 60 mg/kg IV Q4W vs placebo for 96 weeks in symptomatic and at-risk carriers of heterozygous loss-of-function GRN mutations causing frontotemporal dementia.

Latozinemab did not slow FTD-GRN progression on the primary CDR plus NACC FTLD-SB endpoint at Week 96 — in fact there was numerical worsening (LSM difference +1.509; 95% CI −0.959 to 3.976; p=0.2278) in symptomatic participants.

In treatment-naive patients with SMA aged 2 to <18 years who could sit but never walked independently, to evaluate whether a single intrathecal dose of onasemnogene abeparvovec (OAV101 IT, 1.2 × 10^14 vg) improves motor function versus sham procedure over 52 weeks.

Intrathecal onasemnogene abeparvovec improved motor function on the HFMSE at 52 weeks in treatment-naive SMA patients aged 2 to <18 years who could sit but not walk (LSM change 2.39 vs 0.51; LSM difference 1.88, 95% CI 0.51–3.25; P=0.0074).

Evaluate whether intravenous eptinezumab 400 mg vs placebo prevents episodic cluster headache attacks in adults (ALLEVIATE).

Eptinezumab did not reduce weekly cluster-headache attacks over weeks 1-2 vs placebo in adults with episodic cluster headache (LS mean change -4.0 vs -4.6; between-group difference 0.7; 95% CI -1.3 to 2.6; P=0.50).

Phase IIb/III RCT testing whether oral blarcamesine (ANAVEX2-73), a sigma-1 receptor agonist, is safe and slows cognitive/functional decline in early Alzheimer's disease (MCI or mild dementia) over 48 weeks versus placebo.

Blarcamesine slowed cognitive decline on ADAS-Cog13 at 48 weeks in early AD (adjusted mean difference vs placebo −2.027; 95% CI −3.522 to −0.533; P=0.008; 36.3% less decline), meeting one of the two co-primary endpoints under the prespecified multiplicity rule.